This breakthrough facilitates the use of ion crystals for time and frequency metrology. For this purpose, a new scalable trap technology was developed, allowing to store ion ensembles with a high level of control. Thus, the multi-ion approach can significantly improve ion clocks and their application in tests of fundamental physics and also as sensors for the gravitational potential.Īs suitable candidates for a new optical frequency standard ensembles of Yb + and In + are investigated. This way, relative frequency uncertainties in the 10 -18 range can be obtained in a fraction of the time required by today's ion clocks. Precision spectroscopy of Coulomb crystals offers the new possibility to realize a stable ion frequency standard. However, the state information read out from a single quantum absorber is limited and leads to a intrinsically low stability of the clock requiring long integration times. This leads to a favorably low systematic uncertainty. Optical ion clocks profit from the highly accurate control of a single trapped ion, which can be positioned and studied with nm precision.
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